SACRAMENTO, Calif. — California prison officials have halted an experiment aimed at forcing warring prison gangs to get along with each other after the inmates wound up brawling and even rioting when allowed to mingle together in prison recreation yards, officials told The Associated Press.
The effort started more than a year ago, with officials gradually allowing prisoners from the different gangs into the same exercise yards to try to get them to make peace. This permitted officials to reduce harsh restrictions that had kept gang members locked up in cells for lengthy periods without access to rehabilitation programs that could allow them to shorten their sentences.
But the greater liberty generated the same result at several state prisons: Gang members brawled in what critics labeled "gladiator fights" that they allege prison officials deliberately set up to get the inmates to fight.
The brawls led officials to stop the practice of trying to get the gang inmates to interact with each other in the prisons, Shaun Spillane, a spokesman for the corrections department's inspector general, told the AP in an interview.
Prison officials "are kind of at the point where they realize this isn't working. Rather than getting the same result, they're putting their heads together and trying to come up with a new approach," Spillane said.
The program is on hold so officials "can explore options to find a resolution to this and safely house these individuals," said Terry Thornton, spokeswoman for the corrections department.
She denied that officials set up inmates up to fight.
"I don't know why they fight. We just expect our people to engage in positive behavior, engage in positive programs," she said.
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At the heart of the problem is the Fresno Bulldogs prison gang that has participated in 32 battles with other prison gangs over the last year, ranging from small battles to full-scale riots, according to data prepared for the AP by the inspector general's office.
The Bulldogs are a drug trafficking gang that takes its name and mascot of California State University, Fresno. Members wear the school's trademark red clothing and the gang has affiliates in the city, but membership solidifies after its members are imprisoned, said Fresno police spokesman Mark Hudson.
California prison officials tried 45 times to put gang members in the same yards with other inmates, with violence erupting 27 times, the data showed. The inmates also rioted three times last fall even before prison officials began trying to get them to co-exist.
"Every threat group is having issues with the Bulldogs, or vice versa. These are all Bulldogs vs. other threat groups," Spillane said.
Early attempts by prison officials involved just a few inmates each from the Bulldogs and competing gangs, but the fights recently escalated into full-scale riots.
The most recent brawl happened Aug. 14 at the Correctional Training Facility in Soledad, south of San Francisco, when 200 inmates rioted. Eight inmates were treated at outside hospitals for puncture wounds, cuts and bruises, while another 50 inmates were treated by prison medical staff for what officials described as minor injuries.
"That was part of their efforts to see if the two gangs could co-exist," Spillane said.
Officials were forced to fire nine warning shots to break up the fight and they also used pepper spray and other non-lethal weapons. Members of one of the two gangs refused to obey orders to lie down on the ground until guards from other housing units at the prison and another prison arrived.
In July, there were two riots in July at Pleasant Valley State Prison in the Central Valley, the most recent one involving 182 inmates. Three inmates were treated at outside hospitals for puncture wounds after guards using pepper spray broke it up.
Prisoner advocate Richard Edmond-Vargas, who co-founded the criminal justice reform group Initiate Justice three years ago after serving prison time for robbery blamed corrections officials for putting the gangs in situations where brawls were inevitable.
Edmond-Vargas claimed that "there does seem to be an element of sadism" on the part of prison officials.
"If you know that they're going to fight ... Why are you letting them fight?" he asked.
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But he said the inability of the gangs to get along is disrupting prison life and affecting inmates caught up in the violence against their will or who can't participate in rehabilitation programs that could shorten their sentences, he said.
"The fact of the matter is they do have a conflict on their hands," Edmond-Vargas said. "What's that mean, they're going to keep half the prison population on lockdown forever?"
Problems began a year ago at Corcoran State Prison in the Central Valley when prison officials tried to introduce five members of the Bulldogs and six members of another gang to one another in a prison recreation yard. They immediately began fighting.
"Bulldogs basically have an attack-on-sight ethos," said prisoner rights attorney Charles Carbone, who is representing an inmate injured in a Nov. 30 2018 brawl at Pleasant Valley State Prison.
Officials tried to force "peace talks" between five Bulldogs and five members of another gang, separating them with a fence but without keeping them handcuffed, Carbone said.
"When the talks immediately fell apart, inmates started attacking each other" after they were allowed back through the fence and ordered to return to their cells, he said.
His client is an alleged member of the Surenos gang, who Carbone said was struck in the head as guards broke up the brawl and suffered facial injuries that left him with permanently impaired vision and cognitive issues.
"He's having problems with thinking clearly and memory and those sorts of things," Carbone said of his client, who is serving a 10-year sentence for robbery. "The judge never sentenced them to permanent injuries and irreparable harm."
Officials have been trying intermittently ever since to integrate the gangs, even inviting the inspector general's staff to observe most attempts since April.
They had some success reintroducing smaller groups, Spillane said, including several uneventful attempts at the prison in Soledad in the weeks before the August riot.
Spillane said the inspector general's office has fielded numerous complaints, including from state lawmakers who represent the problem prisons, and plans to issue a report in coming months.
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